Comparing the Text and the Two Filmed Versions of Jane Austens Emma Es

Comparing the Text and the Two Filmed Versions of Jane Austen's Emma    After reading Jane Austen's Emma, then viewing the BBC production and Miramax films based on the novel one can understand why most authors are horrified over the translation of their novels into film.   The two film versions are quite different from one another, but both take such liberties with the original text as to wonder why the film makers of each even bothered with Austen's work.   The BBC production encompasses more of the tone and atmosphere of the text, the polite, mannered, upper-class social milieu of Victorian England than does the Miramax version, but both make interpretations of the text that belie the filmmakers' agenda than they do of Austen's own.   The films are different from the novel in many ways, including characterization, setting, action, dialogue and theme.   For example, the Miramax version of Emma with Gwyneth Paltrow portrays an Emma who is more like cupid armed with the bow of modern feminism.   In the BBC version, Emma is not portrayed as ligh tly and as humorous.   Instead, she is turned into a bantering harpy who lacks much of the charm of Austen's Emma.   This analysis will compare the first chapter of Emma with the corresponding opening scene in each film.   By doing so, we will see not only many differences among them (including some obtrusive additions on behalf of the films), but we will also see how the filmmakers differed in their interpretation of Austen's original. The opening scene of each film directly corresponds to the first chapter of Austen's novel.   In the text this chapter describes Emma Woodhouse as spoiled and self-willed, convinced she knows what is right for other people particularly when it comes to affairs... ...express all the ideology of modern day feminism.   Unfortunately, neither of these scenarios is faithful to the scenario of an unconventional Victorian woman as portrayed by a Victorian female author.   This is not to say that the filmed versions of Emma are not entertaining or without merit in their own right.   rather, it is to suggest that instead of faithfully recreating Austen's work, the filmmakers felt it necessary to add their own personal interpretations of the work, modern interpretations that serve to undermine Austen's text.   Like the tightly controlled, oppressive environment of Victorian England, Austen's Emma is best understood from within the confines the ideology of that elitist microcosm, not through the lens of modern interpreters who try to impose their own values on it. WORKS   CITED Austen, J.   Emma.   F. A. Thorpe Ltd., Great Britain, 1995.

Hollifield Family Reunion Essay

Every year around the last week of July my father’s family all meets for a two day reunion in the small town of Spruce Pine, North Carolina. Hollifield’s have resided in the area for over 100 years! There are many streets named after us and if you’re walking around town some people even notice you’re a Hollifield just by looking at you. Although it is only two days long, the reunion is something I cherish deep in my heart, for it’s the only time I get to see my father’s family. One night in 1974, my grandpa and a few other family members were sitting around reminiscing about their childhood. They were laughing at all the memories and good times they’ve had and all the trouble they got into. My grandpa was telling everyone he had been thinking of a way that everyone could make some time to all come together for a couple days once every year. His uncle told him that they should start a family reunion. So starting in July of 1974 the annual Hollifield reunion began. Everyone gets to the hotel Friday night and gets settled in and reacquainted a lot of hugging, kissing, laughing, and eating. My sister and I get our own hotel room so most of our cousins bring sleeping bags and stay both nights in our room. We talk about what we’ve all done that year, who’s dating who, what kind of cars we’ve bought; we pretty much talk each other’s ears off. The next morning we all get up and find somewhere to eat and walk around town. Downtown Spruce Pine is absolutely beautiful. There are flowers and pine trees growing everywhere, and you can smell all the bakeries and barbeque pits. There are little stores with antiques and instruments, florists, wedding dress shops, and candy stores. It could go from 90 degrees with the sun shining to a humid rain in a matter of minutes. When it rains you can smell it a hundred times better than in California. After we walk through town we get to a huge, long wooden bridge. It’s been there for years and underneath it flows a beautiful creek and a park filled with laughing children frolicking in the sunlight. We normally go to the park and mess  around on everything then make our way to the creek. You have to go down a steep hill made of dirt and freckled with little patches of bright green grass. The boys catch crawdads and crayfish while us girls dip our feet in the clear chilly water and wait for the train to pass. The train is large and used to transport coal and freight. Personally, the train is one of my favorite parts of Spruce Pine. It’s loud yet still soothing and controlled. After a few hours the rest of the family begins to show up at the park with fresh, good old-fashioned southern food. They unload the cars of barbeque, slaw, potatoes, mac and cheese, collard greens, green beans, pasta salads, and more desert than any amount of people should ever consume. Following our meal is the baseball game. The whole family plays and we get chosen randomly for two teams. In the end my grandpa tells us that everyone won and an MVP is chosen from each team who receives a golden trophy of a boy or girl with a tiny body and huge head, holding a baseball bat. We all clean up then head back to the hotel to get swimsuits and drive over to the pool. A few hours into swimming we decide to go to the hotel and shower then all the kids find a place to eat supper. Upon leaving the restaurant someone informs us that the annual hide-n-seek game has begun. We take off running towards the hotel to find a hiding place while the person chosen as â€Å"it† stays and counts for 5 minutes. The game involves a lot of pushing, shoving, screaming, laughing, and those little chills you get when you’ve found a place and you know that any second you could be found. After the game we all head back to my sister and I’s room and hang out. We stay up all night talking about everything that happened, who did the most embarrassing thing, which was the funniest, and other things we had encountered that day. As the night goes by we start to notice our time is almost up. Most of my cousins live in NC so they see each other all the time, but as the hours pass my sister and I notice that our time in NC is almost over; that we’ll have to wait yet another slow, California year before we get back to the peaceful happiness of NC. Around 9 in the morning our cousin’s head back to their rooms to get ready for our last meal together. For breakfast Sunday morning the whole family fills the back room of The Western Sizzler. Western Sizzler may be the best place to get breakfast ever. It’s is 3 large buffet tables covered in bacon, sausage, ham, eggs,  fruit, veggies, pancakes, waffles, biscuits and gravy, yogurt, granola, hash browns, country potatoes, varieties of juices, milks, sodas. And at the end there is a huge dessert bar. We eat and talk and talk and eat. And eat some more†¦ and then a little bit more. We catch up with some of the older members of the family and tell them what we did all weekend. My aunt Vicki walks around and takes millions of pictures with her big nice camera that has a flash that could blind the whole family at the same time. When everyone has finished my grandpa stands up and talks about all the great things that have gone on during the weekend, all the graduates and birthdays, all the births and deaths. We end the reunion by hugging and some crying (I won’t lie; Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢m one of the criers). If my family had never got the idea to have a reunion, I don’t know when I would ever see them. The reunion brings us together in a quick two day span filled with great food, laughter, and all around happiness. It seems like when we’re all together nothing can go wrong. My cousins and I have vowed that when our time comes, we will carry on the tradition of the Hollifield Family Reunion until the day we die.

Analysis Of The Movie London - 972 Words

If you are expecting something completely new and not an ounce of cliche then you are at the wrong movie. London Has Fallen, will keep you on the edge of your seat, jumping at every explosion in hopes of a good ending for the lovable characters. Though the movie is enticing, inspiring and thought provoking it becomes repetitive and predictable. Iranian-Swedish film director, Babak Najaf directs London Has Fallen, the sequel to â€Å"Olympus Has Fallen†. Though he did not direct the first movie, the two movies both feel as if they are by the same person. London Has Fallen is set in London, England showing leaders from all over the world gathering in London for the British prime ministers funeral. With all important leaders gathering in one place, it makes them the perfect target for terrorists. President Benjamin Asher (Aaron Eckhart) is one of the only leaders not killed from the beginning bring hope for viewers. However, top secret agent Mike Banning (Gerard Butler) has to tr y to get the president back on air force one safely. As Mike and President Benjamin try to get back they have to fight for their lives against the terrorist, having no idea who is actually law enforcement and who is in disguise. If you went into the movie expecting something far different from â€Å"Olympus Has Fallen† you will be disappointed. The movies are fairly similar but with the first movie you didn t know what to expect, this one however is fairly predictable. In the movie, there is a group ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Before the Rain Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Before the Rain Before the Rain, filmed on location in the Republic of Macedonia and in London is a trilogy that focuses on the conflict between Muslims and Orthodox Christians in the Balkans. The three chapters of the trilogy are Words, Faces and Pictures. Director Milcho Manchevski states; Before the Rain, refers to the feeling of heavy expectation, when the skies are pregnant with the possibility of an outburst, when people areRead MoreDefining Transnational Cinema895 Words   |  4 Pages This analysis will scrutinize three articles that parallel in the intrest of defining transnational cinema. First, the analysis will attempt to define transnational cinema. The second article will describe how artists use film to convey a deeper message. Finally, the last article will examine borders and border crossings in the movie Veer Zarra. Is there a difference between national cinemas vs. transnational cinemas? In the article from Higbee, W. and Lim, S. H., defines transnational cinema.Read MoreThe Influence Of Grime And Trap Music On The Media And Carrying Out An Analysis On A Newspaper Article1099 Words   |  5 Pagesmainstream outlets, therefore impacting on the public perception of the music and the culture that it has sprung from. Throughout this assignment I will be looking at the negative representations of grime and trap music in the media and carrying out an analysis on a newspaper article, radio stations and website. I will also give you an insight to the police r elationship with the Grime genre. Also i will examine different, interrelated elements that made Grime rise from underground music. The most significantRead MoreBlockbuster Business Analysis1092 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Table of contents 1 Introduction The rental movie market is a high competitive and dynamic market, dominated for several years by Blockbuster, with its pioneer business model of delivering convenience to the costumers looking for home entertainment. 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The movie also included several actors while the play only featured two, Frank and Rita.      Ã‚  Read MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder And Patrick Bateman832 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological disorder analysis paper, I picked the movie American Psycho. American psycho is a 2000 American Canadian black comedy psychological thriller horror film directed by Mary Harron. The movie was based on Bret Easton Ellis’s novel with the same name. The movie was stars by Christian Bale playing the main character and the movie’s narrator, Patrick Bateman. The movie was set in New York City in the years of 1980s. The main character, Patrick Bateman is a investment banker. The movie starts with PatrickRead MoreFilm Analysis Pocahontas Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Analysis: Pocahontas The animated Walt Disney movie Pocahontas is based on a true life story of a young Powhatan Indian girl named Pocahontas who falls in love with John Smith. 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Galileo And The Scientific Revolution - 1549 Words

Quick Facts Name Galileo Occupation Astronomer, Scientist Birth Date February 15, 1564 Death Date January 8, 1642 Did You Know? Galileo supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Did You Know? Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs. He remained under house arrest the remaining years of his life. Did You Know? Galileo devised his own telescope, in which he observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotated around the sun. Did You Know? Galileo played a major role in the scientific revolution and earned the moniker The Father of Modern Science. Education Monastery school at Vallombrosa, near Florence, University of Pisa Place of Birth Pisa,†¦show more content†¦Galileo’s ambition pushed him to go further, and in the fall of 1609 he made the fateful decision to turn his telescope toward the heavens. Using his telescope to explore the universe, Galileo observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotated around the sun, which refuted the Aristotelian doctrine that the Earth was the center of the universe. He also discovered Jupiter had revolving moons that didn’t revolve around planet Earth. In 1613, he published his observations of sunspots, which also refuted Aristotelian doctrine that the sun was perfect. Galileo’s Books Galileo published a number of books throughout his career, including: The Operations of the Geometrical and Military Compass (1604), which revealed Galileo’s skills with experiments and practical technological applications. The Starry Messenger (1610), a small booklet revealing Galileo’s discoveries that the moon was not flat and smooth but a sphere with mountains and craters. Discourse on Bodies in Water (1612), which refuted the Aristotelian explanation of why objects float in water, saying that it wasn’t because of their flat shape, but instead the weight of the object in relation to the water it displaced. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632), a discussion among three people: one who supports Copernicus heliocentric theoryShow MoreRelatedGalileo : A Controversial Scientific Revolution863 Words   |  4 Pages Galileo Galilei is arguably the most famous proponent of the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, and his work provided the foundation for much of modern astronomy and physics. His discoveries of the motion of planets within the solar system not only proved the Copernican theory true, which was a controversial scientific revolution for the time. However, he was ordered to recant his works and denounce the heliocentric system after being convicted of â€Å"vehement suspicion of heresy.† ThisRead More The Scientific Revolution: Copernicus and Galileo Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scientific Revolution: Copernicus and Galileo The scientific revolution brought on new and important change. People began to see things extremely differently. Up to this point religion had been an issue of pure faith. A person could not use any empirically based data or reason to justify or develop ideas on religion. People who contradicted the church were considered heretics and were punished. At this time, people believed in the universe that Ptolemy had theorized: that the earth wasRead MoreUnderstanding the Scientific Revolution Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution was a time of change and new thinking. 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Galileo gathered valuable information through observations and experimentation; throughout the Renaissance, society had a broader knowledge base on Newtonian Science, the scientific method, rational thinkingRead MoreThe Importance of the Scientific Revolution to Europe1176 Words   |  5 Pages What was the Scientific Revolution and why was it so important to Europe? What did the scientific revolution help develop during time? These are some of the questions that many ask themselves when asked to define scientific revolution and enlightenment in the 17th/ 18th century. The terms â€Å"Scientific Revolution† and â€Å"Enlightenment† are used to describe two important phases that Europe came across during the 1500s to the 1800s. 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Scholars like Galileo and Francis Bacon revolutionized how knowledge was gained by approaches such as the Scientific Method; this new problem solving process involved one observing and questioning using reasoning to gain new knowledge instead of blindly taking in information as given by the Church. Innovations like Galileo’s work, the use of mathematics, and Bacon’s Scientific Method gave rise to modern science, a secular way of understanding

The Primate Mother-Infant Bond - 1795 Words

The mother-infant bond is the familiarity and attachment a mother forms with her offspring. These helpless babies are reliant on their mother’s nurture for survival. This dependence reaches farther than a physiological need. Infants rely on their mothers for a wide variety of demands. The mother-infant bond is critical to maximizing the fitness of each individual, as well as the growth of the species. In 1976 Marshall H. Klaus and John H. Kennell came out with a book called â€Å"Parent Infant Bonding†. It discussed their hypothesis that like other animals, there is a brief moment directly following the birth of a child where skin-to-skin contact between mother and offspring creates a strong bond. Although this theory continues to be†¦show more content†¦Babies are considered neonates until eight weeks after birth. In non-human primates this is when the grooming period begins, furthering the social mother-infant bond. Male chimpanzees achieve self-esteem and re spect by diversifying his partners and fathering children from the maximum number of mates. By having offspring from different mothers, he maximizes his fitness because he is able to have more; and their genetic variation helps increase their chance of survival. Any infants not belonging to him pose a threat to his dominance. In Bonobo Chimps, the maternal bond is so strong that males are only able to achieve having multiple partners with their mother’s help. In this society, their self-actualization depends on the relationship and support they receive from their mother. This approval of dominance from their mother impacts their success to achieve self-actualization and in turn affects their self-esteem. For the mother, ensuring her son breeds as many children as possible also maximizes her fitness as well. A mother is more likely to support her son because her daughter could become competition; for this reason, daughters are usually sent to find a new family during their ado lescence. In 1958, Harry Harlow studied the priorities of these needs in his cloth and wire mother experiments. Baby monkeys separated from their mothers at birth were placed in isolation. Two dolls were placed in the cage, one wrapped inShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory and the Mother-Infant Relationship Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagescourse we studied the intense, complex relationship a mother has with her offspring. In order to fully understand this bond, three concepts must be understood: the emotional nature, the adaptive strategy, as well as the relationships pros and cons. However, for the purpose of this paper, I will be focusing on the mother-infant relationship as an adaptive strategy primates developed, with emphasis on attachment theory. The root of the mother-infant relationship as well as a childs development canRead MoreThe Evolution of Primate Intelligence1715 Words   |  7 Pagesso interested in the other primates is that by looking at them we can obtain some ideas of what our ancestor must have been like a few millions years ago. Even though, we are not descended from any modern-type monkey or ape, our lineage does appear to have gone through stages in which we were a medium-sized, reasonably intelligent creature with good binocular vision, hands that were good at manipulation and the ability to climb trees. An evolutionary trend in primates involves the development ofRead MoreThe Correlation Between Pair Bonding And Mother Infant Relationships And Oxytocin2176 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen a dramatic rise in research due to interest in the many functions of oxytocin. Through biological mechanisms involving oxytocin, pair-bonding, as well as mother infant relationships are better understood. The intent of this paper is to establish the correlation between pair-bonding and mother infant relationships and oxytocin. Primate oxytocin research provides groundwork for human research, and provides greater understanding of human social behavior. Oxytocin (OT) isRead MoreEssay on Birth: The Beginning of Life2455 Words   |  10 Pagesknow it. More specifically, birth is the means by which non-human primates and human primates alike begin their experience of the world. I am interested in the significance of childbirth the method by which it is carried out, its implications for the birthing mother, and the way that the birthing process is viewed by different societies. Both birth and the postpartum period involve a certain degree of danger for the birthing mother, her nascent child, and her entire family or community. BecauseRead MoreAdoption As Human Beings Caring For Non Human Primates1491 Words   |  6 PagesANTH 301 – Adoption – Research Paper The textbook explains adoption as human beings caring for non-human primates. In an article from the California State University, Fullerton library in the Anthropology department, an Anthropology researcher, Stein writes â€Å"about behavioral definitions of adoption are scarce.† (Stein) The concept of â€Å"change of primary caregiver† is central in adoption, but as will be seen, adoptors are often individuals other than adult females. Also, measuring attachment can proveRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Human Primates1709 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-basic emotions are found in primates is less well-known. There is a strong suggestion that non-human primates are capable of empathy and that it is a phylogenetically-continuous trait (Preston and de Waal 2002). Whether or not responses displayed in relation to death in non-human primates has been debated and will be examined here. The examples of grief and empathy will be used to highlight how complex the debate around em otional intelligence can be in primates and how important having a greaterRead MoreNonhuman Primates Possess Culture Or Not Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years, this topic of whether nonhuman primates possess culture or not, has generated numerous debates. This has led to conversations on what is culture and if it is uniquely human. How each researcher defines culture correlates with whether they believe non-human primates possess culture. The definitions provided by scientists and other researchers vary based on its complexity and how loosely or specific they define it; as well as how inclusive and exclusive they are about what is consideredRead MoreBiological Anthropology740 Words   |  3 PagesPrimatology is the study of non-human primates and I find it the most interesting of the four subfields. The study of Primatology focuses on the biological and psychological aspects of non-human primates. Also it looks at the similarities shared between humans and primates. Primatologists focus on studying and conducting research on primates in three main ways; field study, laboratory study, and through captivity. In captivity, they try to replicate natural primate habitat in a controlled captive settingRead MoreAttachment And Loss Volume 11020 Words   |  5 PagesAttachment and Loss Volume 1 is part of a trilogy by John Bowlby (1907-1990) on seeking a theoretical formulation to attachment behaviour to explain the nature of the bonds between a child and its mother. John Bowlby sets out to â€Å"discuss the theoretical implications of some observations of how young children respond to temporary loss of mother†. He recognised that he would need to develop a theory of behaviour control using a scientific approach; establishing the grounds for his view and his reasons forRead MoreAnalysis Of Harlow s Monkey Love 983 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the monkey could feel safe and sound with its surrogate mother. The monkey first instinct was to eat and be fed well. As time passed the monkey no longer wanted to be comforted by food but to be comforted physically. That is when the monkey turned to its cloth mother and established a bond that kept the monkey clinging onto its cloth mother at all times. Even when the monkey would get hungry, the monkey kept all limbs on the cloth mother and reached over to get milk from the wire monkey. It was

Influence of Religion on the Civil Rights Movement Free Essays

Religion has had a profound effect on numerous events throughout the course of American history. The Civil Rights Movement was not withheld from the influence of religion, particularly Christianity and Islam. Many of the key players such as Martin Luther King, Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Religion on the Civil Rights Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now and Malcolm X, who were devoted to the cause of justice and equality for African Americans, gained their passion from their spiritual roots. Through these religious leaders organizations were established to fight for civil rights. It was through these religious men and the religion of blacks that the fight for equality gained enthusiasm and courage to fight oppression and discrimination. Opposition also came from religion, however. Reverend Jerry Falwell and the white supremacists of the Ku Klux Klan, who fought against the Civil Rights Movement, based their justification for an inferior black race on their religious beliefs. The Civil Rights Movement, by the people and parties involved, was in itself a battle of beliefs. How is religion involved in the progression and initiation of the fight for equality for African Americans? Christianity, being the a religion active in the Civil Rights Movement, has aspects within its doctrine that encourages equality. It contributed in giving African Americans the passion and the support to continue on in the struggle despite its hardships. â€Å"‘I come to preach, to liberate them’†¦. The thrust of the Civil Rights Movement†¦was that God was on the side of the oppressed, the poor, the downtrodden, the outcast, the persecuted, the exploited. God is on the side of justice† (Williams 119). Those that believed in God also believed that this divine, powerful being was behind their every effort and would grant them victory in the battle for civil rights. They saw themselves as the persecuted and knew that their God would have compassion on them through their difficulty. Moreover, the Christian faith brought unity among African American because they saw others turning to faith for hope to gain equality and so they followed suit. â€Å"According to several respondents, religion engendered in them collective identities and meanings that imbued a sense of purpose† (Williams 113). It â€Å"inspired the construction of perspectives proclaiming, ‘people who were products of segregation must be viewed theologically as the poor, the handicapped, the downtrodden. And theologically we have a responsibility to use our faith—to not be afraid to confront the oppressor’† (Williams 113). Many Christians believed it was their duty and their way of showing obedience to God by fighting those who discriminated against them. Christianity was certainly a motivator and contributor to the Civil Rights Movement. It caused African Americans to not limit their movement to the potential of a human being. Instead, they gained hope in believing that something more powerful than them was working to give them equality. Despite the unity and empowerment that blacks received from their churches, white churches mostly existed in the background and never really urged their members to partake in the Civil Rights Movement. Rather, they sat back in a more comfortable position and consented to the Supreme Court’s decision to segregate. Integration, although it did occur, had a very slow progression in Caucasian churches and schools. Roman Catholicism was the first Christian sect to completely integrate their parochial schools (Mathisen 575). With Catholics and most other sects of Christianity, preachers gave sermons to white folks, many of whom favored segregation. If a pastor spoke out about the injustices of discrimination and encouraged civil rights, they might be removed from their position as a clergyman. Moreover, Ku Klux Klan members were mixed in their churches as well. â€Å"Much of the minister’s ardor is dampened when he returns to his flock though this is not to say that he bends completely to their will. It is not without significance that some fairly strong announcements have been made on the local level† (Mathisen 574,575). Based on their audience, white pastors had to weaken their sermons so that people would continue to attend their church and so they could maintain their job. Clearly, white Americans were not all opposed to integration. Rather, many of them just did not desire to sacrifice their lifestyle to help African Americans in their struggle for equality. Yet, this is not to say all Caucasians did not fight for civil rights, but the majority of them were not an active part of the movement. Such a religious force in America that did not partake in the struggle for civil rights held back some of the potential of the movement. The Ku Klux Klan, notorious for their brutality towards others, fought against the efforts of Civil Rights activists. Despite their ruthless behavior, the Ku Klux Klan had members in law enforcement and within the church. Members of this organization believed that only white Christian people should exist within America and that other races should be honored to be controlled by Caucasian Christians. If others, such as the African Americans in their fight for civil rights, tried to gain an equal status, then the KKK would use ruthless tactics to suppress them. They defended their violent acts against African Americans by referencing their faith. A member of the KKK was asked in an interview, â€Å"What is your explanation of why there have been so many National Police Agents [F. B. I.? ] involved in the case of the ‘missing civil rights workers’† (Mathisen 576)? The Ku Klux Klan member, knowing that the National Police Agents involved were in cooperation with the KKK, responded, â€Å"First I must correct you on your terms. Schwerner, Chaney and Goodman were not civil rights workers. They were Communist Revolutionaries, actively working to undermine and destroy Christian Civilization† (Mathisen 576). Later on in the interview the KKK affiliate declared that Lyndon B. Johnson, a president known for his support of the Civil Rights Movement, â€Å"is a communist sympathizer† (Mathisen 576). This member was clearly discussing the Civil Rights activists. He proclaims that they were tainting the Christian religion, which is why they were killed and are â€Å"missing. This notion brings up religion as a contributor to their own views against African Americans. â€Å"The KKK uses words from the Holy Bible and teachings from Protestant Reverends to support its cause and justify its actions† (Fisher 1). They truly rationalize their superiority complex and their brutality to blacks by the Christian faith. By using Christianity, they too obtained unity against the Civil Rights Movement. The Ku Klux Klan was not the only notorious adversary of civil rights. A prominent opponent of the fight for African American equality and was the Baptist minister, Jerry Falwell. Falwell was a strong supporter of segregation and believed that based on the bible, â€Å"Africans were the cursed descendants of Ham, and worthy only of subservience to white people† (Kimberley 1). In Genesis of the bible Ham was cursed by his father, Noah, for disrespecting him. Through this, Reverend Falwell believes that African Americans should not gain any standing in society. To him it is the natural place of blacks to be below the status of whites due to the actions of their ancestors (Kimberley 1). Due to this, his position on civil rights legislation is very ardently against it. He has been reported to have said that the Civil Right Movement is a ‘civil wrong’ (Kimberley 1). Clearly, religion was used on both sides of the spectrum as a means to rally for a cause. While it was used by blacks for their crusade, some whites relied on it as tool to keep segregation and maintain discrimination. Martin Luther King, Jr. is one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. It is through him and others like him that African Americans gained justice and equality. One of the motivators of this intelligent, talented orator is most certainly his faith. Before ever becoming a part of the battle for civil rights, King was a devoted Christian and minister of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (King 47). He, then, carried these beliefs into the Civil Rights Movement. â€Å"There comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of oppression† (Kelley 463). King continues on in a freedom sermon, â€Å"I want say that we’re not here advocating violence†¦We have never done that†¦I want it to be known throughout Montgomery and throughout this nation that we are a Christian people†¦We believe in the Christian religion. We believe in the teachings of Jesus. The only weapon we have this evening is the weapon of protest† (Kelley 463). The reactions to these words were astounding. People identified with this idea and it gave them passion and courage to pursue equality. â€Å"All through that statement of religious identity the people shouted and applauded, moved with King, pressed him forward even as he urged them toward their own best possibilities† (Kelley 463,464). By their religious unity the Civil Rights Movement becomes undeniably contagious. As faith is mentioned, everyone joins in the excitement of the crowd and begin to trust that with numbers they can protest and achieve equality. Martin Luther King, Jr. ’s most famous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† contains within it references to religion, faith, and hope. â€Å"And when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up the day when all of God’s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants —will be able to join hands and sing the words of the old negro spiritual, â€Å"Free at last, free at last; thank God Almighty, we are free at last† (Finkenbine 190). This speech, like many of his others, held within it the idea of nonviolence. King looked to an Indian leader named Mahatma Gandhi as a guide to his desire to resist violence in the Civil Rights Movement. Despite this, he always turned to the Bible as a source to defend this action. King puts it best when he said, ‘The spirit of passive resistance came to me from the Bible, from the teachings of Jesus. The technique came from Gandhi† (Kelley 468). Religion was certainly Martin Luther King, Jr. ’s driving force as he became a prominent leader of the movement. He used Christianity as a means to support his every action and without its inspiration he would not have had nearly as great an effect on the Civil Rights Movement. Through him, African Americans came together inspired to make a change to society and not stand for injustice. Another contributor to the Civil Rights Movement was a man known as Malcolm X. He, like numerous other African Americans, took to practicing the religion of Islam. Elijah Muhammad, a member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), influenced Malcolm X and many others into pursuing these beliefs (Kelley 478). Black Muslims viewed themselves in American society as â€Å"an isolated and unappreciated appendage† (Mathisen 576). Muhammad saw the black race as not wanted and believed that the only way to achieve peace in such a circumstance is to remove those that do not desire them. Moreover, he taught that white people belong in Europe and that, â€Å"there will be no peace until every man is in his own country† (Mathisen 576). Black Muslims stressed their own identity and black racial supremacy. They had little desire to integrate and would have rather made America their own Islamic nation. With such a heavy goal, they decided to become a part of the Civil Rights Movement and obtain the rights that they believed were due to them. Malcolm X was brought into the Nation of Islam and it became his inspiration to gain equal rights for African Americans. He actually, despite Elijah Muhammad’s influence, was the leader who made the Nation of Islam a prominent and powerful force in the United States. Unlike Martin Luther King, Jr. , Malcolm X believed in violence as a means for blacks to gain better standing in society. People looked to him as the militant, uncompromising man who would use violence when needed to scare whites into accepting their conditions. He too believed, as many black Muslims, that building black institutions and defending blacks was far more important than integrating into society. Through men like Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad, â€Å"the Nation of Islam attracted thousands of urban blacks to the disciplined life of abstinence, prayer, and black self-determination† (Kelley 478). Although their techniques were different in achieving civil rights for African Americans, this religion of Islam motivated people just like Christianity to fight for equality and justice. As religious leaders began to speak up and stand up against the prejudices that African Americans faced, organizations began to form to further the effectiveness of the struggle for civil rights. One such organization is Congress for Racial Equality, or CORE. This group, which organized direct nonviolent protests, branched off of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. The Fellowship of Reconciliation was a Christian pacifist group formed during World War I. They, like Martin Luther King, Jr. , believed in the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi and implemented Christian values into their approach (Kelley 450). The Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) focused on destroying legalized segregation, particularly on downtown stores and municipal facilities. Another association that sprung up out of religious roots is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). By 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. and several black ministers from the South came together to form this organization which was based on the â€Å"Montgomery experience† (Kelley 470). One of their major accomplishments during this time was that they held conferences and organized people, such as when a group of some twenty thousand people came together in Washington, D. C. to pray for civil rights legislation. The fact that a mass amount of people came to pray that day gave others in the church the inspiration to look beyond their own means and to see things occurring which have never before. This gave African Americans hope and led more of them to these gatherings since they know that their desire for justice can be heard. Religion had a major effect on the Civil Rights Movement. Even when it was on an individual level such as with Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, the effects of religion trickle down into the masses. Speech after speech, African Americans became inspired and empowered by them and began to believe in things beyond their own human capacity. Blacks turned to divine beings as a means to achieve equality and justice. Religion helped teach them to ignore the years of discrimination and damage to their self-esteem. It gave them the power to stand strong in the face of hurt and in the face of humiliation. Without religion, the Civil Rights Movement would not have had the unity, and hope that allowed it to continue on. At the same time, however, the enemies of the movement found their muse to keep segregation and discrimination. Religion was then used by them too as a means to protect their way of life and maintain the status over blacks that they had ingrained in them since the time of slavery. Religion had a mixed influence over the movement, but in the end African Americans would see the day when they gained those civil rights. They would see the day when blacks have equality under the law in America. How to cite Influence of Religion on the Civil Rights Movement, Papers

Entrepreneurship Simon Cowell free essay sample

Summaries how he or she got started in business and the environmental trend that the business was started to satisfy. Relate your findings to relevant theory on entrepreneurial opportunities and Ideas. (40%) (600 Words) Simon Jewell began his career in the music industry with a Job as a mail room clerk within MME records, a company in which his father, Eric Jewell, was a music industry executive.Although Jewell started at the very bottom of the music industry he has said that this helped attribute to his success as he recalls, in many ways, I was glad that I had started my career on the very low rung of the business, It was there that I earned how to deal with people. (Evangelical. Com 2001) A very Important characteristic to have later in his life. Penthouse Jewell now has found positives with starting at such a low level he wasnt always as optimistic. Knowing that he had little chance at moving up the ladder in his current job he decided to leave and look for better opportunities.As a result Jewell began a Job at an Estate Agents which again he hated and soon left. Through his fathers connections at MME, in 1971 he was offered a job as an assistant to an A ; R (artists and repertoire) man, the start of his A ; R career. Jewell slowly moved up the ranks until he was given the opportunity as a talent scout and from there the title of record producer. Unhappy with his future potential with MME Jewell left and formed E ; S Music, his own Independent music label. They found little success and within a year Jewell returned to MME. He again In 1985 left MME to form another music label called Fanfare. As Like most entrepreneurs experience it isnt always an easy road, penthouse Jewell found more success then with his first venture after five years Fanfare went bankrupt and he was forced to move back with his parents. Consequently, that same year Jewell was hired as an A R consultant for BUM. What followed was huge In his career as he started to sign big artists, Like Westerly, eve and II Doll, who were making hit records and establishing his name within the music industry.Eventually this lead to Jewell creating Coco Records, his current record company, and identifying the trends and opportunity gaps in combining, music and television, that truly made him successful. Essentially, entrepreneurs recognize an opportunely and turn It Into a successful business (Barring, B. R. Ireland, R. D. 2012. Peg. 43). But the key to finding an opportunity in Swells case is observing trends. These trends can be broken into four parts, economic forces, social forces, technological advances and political regulatory changes (Barring, B. R. Ireland, R. D. 2012. Peg. 43). As television has a lot to do with people and their needs, social forces was what Jewell was able to identify when recognizing this opportunity. Pop Stars and after realizing its success decided to develop his own show, Pop Idols. Pop Idols had one difference, in the final rounds of the show the audience was able to vote for the winner. As Jewell knew, the reason why reality television shows are so popular is due to the audiences desire to be famous and applied this trend to his show (Psychologically. Com 2001 ).By adding the component of audience Involvement with voting and auditioning enabled the audience to feel as though normal people like themselves have what it takes to become famous. A common mistake with finding an opportunity is choosing a currently available product e. G Pop Stars and making a new business that is slightly different e. G Pop Idols. This is the case with Jewell but as he identified that the need for the general publics desires to be famous was strong enough and met the four essential characteristics of an opportunity it was successful. He four qualities of an opportunity are, attractive, timely, durable and provides value for the end user (Barring, B. R. ; Ireland, R. D. 2012. P. G. 43). As Jewell had already had first hand experience with the success of Pop Stars he already knew that the opportunity was attractive and durable salons as someone else didnt come in and cause his window of opportunity to shut. Pop Stars was one of the first of its kind and the product was still in the growth stage so timing was not an issue.With the added feature of audience involvement he was able to meet the needs of the audience and add value to the end users. 12) What are the main entrepreneurial characteristics? Discuss these in relation to relevant theories of characteristics of entrepreneurs. (60%) (900 words) Entrepreneurs have been defined as a person who habitually creates and innovates to build something of recognized value around perceived opportunities (Frederick and Curator 2010). Jewell has done Just that throughout his entrepreneurial career Nothing the music industry.Swells company, Coco Productions, was constructed with hose foundations in mind and made successful through Swells ability to recognize and implement opportunities. Especially with the competitiveness of the music and television industry this characteristic remains the most imperative. There are a large number of traits that have been cited as entrepreneurial characteristics. Frederick and Karakul (2010) have found the 17 most repeated characteristics that entrepreneurs share.As we have singled out Swells most Important there are many more of these traits that combine and relate to each one of his successes throughout his life. He first major characteristic that Jewell embodies is self confidence. Entrepreneurs face many obstacles and during these times they maintain their confidence and let those around them know it (Frederick and Curator. 2010. Peg. 44). It was this trait that first enabled Jewell to go beyond the music industry and become a household name. Ledges (Encyclopedia Britannica 1959) is one reason his first show Pop Idols was so popular. His self-confidence in being able to say what is on his mind is the reason behind his own popularity which lead the way to his other successful ventures such as American Idol and X-Factor. This quote from Jewell embodies why he is so popular If youve got a big mouth and youre controversial, youre going to get attention. Creativity is a process marked by fluency, flexibility, and ability to make unusual associations ( Frederick and Curator. 2010. Peg. 44). Jewell and his ability to take an existing service and create a new category ( Barring, B. R. ; Ireland, R. D. 2012. Peg. 5) enabled him to sign successful artists such as One Direction. After One Direction came third in X Factor Jewell immediately signed them to his label. He recognized that by creating a different take to boy bands and introducing young artists to follow the Justine Bibber trend, he was able to fill a gap in the market and meet consumer needs. Throughout Swells career he has had to learn to tolerate failure. The iterative, trial and error nature of becoming a successful entrepreneur makes serious setbacks and disappointment an integral part of the learning process ( Frederick and Curator. 010. Peg. 43). An example of Swells failures happened early in his career. His first two attempts at creating an independent music label left him bankrupt, forcing him to move back in with his parents. It was this factor that forced him to stay committed and persevere. His dedication and determination to succeed enabled him to get past these set backs. Jewell was able to learn from his mistakes and after a long string of successes with the label BUM he was able to overcome these obstacles.Entrepreneurs need to use failing as learning experiences. Adverse times often create alternative opportunities and many entrepreneurs believe they learn more from their early failures than from their early successes (Frederick and Curator. 2010. Peg; 43). Ere final and most important characteristic that Jewell exemplifies is opportunity recognition. Opportunity recognition refers to the process of perceiving the usability of a profitable new business or a new product or service (Barring, B. R. ; Ireland, R. D. 2012. Peg. 55).For an opportunity to be recognized an entrepreneur must share some specific characteristics in order to identify them. Reese characteristics include prior experience, cognitive factors, social networks and creativity (as was described above). I believe the main traits that show how Jewell is so successful in identifying opportunities is prior experience and social networks. An example of how prior experience enabled Jewell to succeed is when he started as Judge on Pop Stars. Once an entrepreneur starts a new venture opportunities become apparent (Barring, B. R. ; Ireland, R. D. 2012. Peg. 55).This is known as the corridor principle where once an entrepreneur starts to head down a road, along the way he is met with corridors which lead to more venture opportunities. Once Jewell had identified the success of Pop Stars he was able to take the business that well over 40 percent of those studied got the idea for their business while Morning as employees in companies of the same industry (Barring, B. R. ; Ireland, R. D. 2012. Peg. 55). Jewell from an early age had already developed a vast social network. Due to his fathers executive position at MME he was exposed to the music industry from a very early age.An important concept that shows how important social networks are in opportunity recognition is the idea of strong-tie and weak-tie relationships. It is the concept that weak-tie relationships such as infrequent interaction and ties between casual acquaintances are more likely to give new business ideas due to the fact that they may not be as like minded and say something that sparks a new idea. This concept may shed some light on why Swells first two ventures werent successful. During this time Jewell had mostly strong-tie relationships being involved with MME for so long.