Competiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health...

Competiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care IT System ShaVette Howard Instructor Name: Ilisher (Lisa) Ford Health Information Systems November 29, 2014 Competiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care IT Systems Introduction With the rapid growth in technology, many healthcare organizations have embraced the use of healthcare information technologies. As such, the information technology department has various staffs that perform fundamental roles in the information technology-related activities. It ranges from activities of customizing a software to implementing and maintaining a network to ensure effective system backups. In addition, these healthcare information technologies bring about other†¦show more content†¦Other healthcare organizations have integrated the design of healthcare technologies within the organization. For such organizations, the CIO takes part in the analysis and assessments of the proposed healthcare information technology (HIT) applications. The CIO further manages the development, design and implementation of the HITs. In addition, healthcare organizations are rapidly acquiring HITs. Therefore, there is an increasing need to train the healthcare staff to ensure they can use the systems. The CIO, therefore, plans and supervises the development of training methods for the management and technical staff on the use and possible maintenance of the HITs (Tan, Payton, amp; Tan, 2010). Chief Technology Officer In most of the healthcare organizations, there is a position for the chief technology officer (CTO). The CTO leads the information technology architecture, including the strategies in health care organizations. Importantly, the CIO has a higher rank than the CTO. As such, when there are any IT-related initiatives and recommendations, the CTO reports them directly to the Senior Vice President and the Chief Information Officer. Because healthcare organizations are rapidly acquiring and implementing HITs in their organizations, the need to make clear the vision of the organization, in that context, is imperative. Therefore, the CTO comes in, develops and articulate the technology vision ofShow MoreRelatedCompetiveness And Performance Effectiveness For Health Care It Systems1126 Words   |  5 PagesCompetiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care IT Systems According to Balgrosky, the CEO and other senior management team members can engage in meaningful ways with others in the organization regarding HIS plans and implementations. 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Quality Part Time Work in Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Quality Part Time Work in Australia. Answer: Brief Introduction of the article and why was it chosen The selected article emphasizes on the significance of the role of human resource management for ensuring an appropriate working environment for the part time workers in Australia. The articles also include compares and contrasts between the past and present human resource policies thereby, highlighting the possible changes required in the future for the Australian part time workers. Aim The aim of the research is to list methods and processes used in the hospitality industry by the human resource management. The article also emphasizes on the past and present policies developed by the human resource management in the hospitality industry to provide appropriate opportunities for the part time workers. The hospitality has several international students working as part time workers. Research method In the case of this research, the research methods include reviewing various relevant journals and articles to analyze the changes in the human resource policies over the past years in terms of the part time workers in Australia. Moreover, qualitative research approach has been used for gathering data from the senior executives of the hospitality industry. The senior executives of the large hotels were interviewed. Scope The scope of the research includes the verifying the practices that are suitable for ensuring an appropriate working environment for the part time workers in Australia. Moreover, the research also emphasizes on the involvement of the managers of the hospitality industry that play a crucial role in recruiting the part time workers. Additionally, the scope of the research also highlights the role of the human resource management along with the policies and rules for providing training to the part time workers and providing equal working opportunities. Usefulness of this research to the topic The research is useful as this highlights that the part time employees need to be considered while ensuring a suitable working environment for them. Moreover, the article helps in evaluating the various changes in the human resource management over the years and the impact on the part time workers in Australia. Limitations The potential limitation of the research is that the paper is based on a literature review and includes a large area for conducting the research. The research only emphasizes on the of the large international hotels that have potentially less number of part time workers compared to the SMEs in Australia. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded in the research that as the part time work force is a growing labor force for the Australian organizations, the human resource management has to make suitable amendments for favoring the part time workers. Therefore, the organizations and the management need to provide suitable and equal opportunities to the part time workers as they provide to the full-time workers. Reflection The part time workers do not signify that they are casual about the work and career but signify that the employees need to have the ability to manage their life appropriately. Therefore, the human resource management needs to develop policies that provide flexible working hours to the part time employees as this sector contributes largely to the economy of the country. Brief Introduction of the article and why was it chosen This article reviews the quality of work between the part time and full-time workers of the Australian organizations. Moreover, the article also sheds light on the various features of the part time workers that differs from the full-time workers. Therefore, the required changes in the human resource policies of the organizations providing part time work are considered for this research article. Aim The aim of the research is to evaluate the quality of service between the part time and full time working environments and worker in Australia. It can be seen that the number of part time jobs has been increasing in Australia but the quality of part time is not similar in terms of full-time employment. Therefore, the research aims towards evaluating the major reasons for the inequality of services between part time and full-time workers. Research method For conducting the research, the researcher has reviewed various relevant literature that have helped in gathering suitable information in terms of the difference of quality. Moreover, qualitative research methods were used that allowed the researcher to interview 40 part time employees of the Australian public sector. Scope The scope of the research is that it will list the potential challenges and concerns encountered by the part time workers in Australia. In the majority of the researchers, only the pay scale in terms of part time work has been evaluated but no research with the 24 attributes of part time jobs has been considered. This research emphasizes on more than 11 characteristics of job quality thereby, determining major concerns. Usefulness of this research to the topic The research is useful, as this helps in emphasizing on the various characteristics of ensuring suitable job qualities. The research provides clear variables that are the major concerns hampering the quality of the part time jobs. This research also highlights how the part time working sector is contributing towards the increasing labor force of Australia thereby, requiring quality enhancement. Limitations One of the significant limitations of the research includes the characteristics of the sample that compares the description of the part time and full time works. Another limitation of the research is that not complete 24 characteristics of enhancing job quality are considered while conducting the research thereby, limiting the scope of development. Conclusion Some real concerns in terms of part time job quality include security of the employment along with adhering to the equity principles. Moreover, lack of flexible working policies is also a major concern for the part time workers in Australia. Additionally, in spite of being capable, the part time workers are not provided suitable opportunities of career growth such as promotion in Australian organization. Reflection Individuals are enrolled as part time workers as this provides an opportunity for them to manage education and personal life along with earning a livelihood. Part time work does not suggest that the individuals lack enthusiasm and urge for pursuing a career. Therefore, security of employment, flexible working policies, and career growth needs to provided as provided for the full-time workers. Brief Introduction of the article and why was it chosen The article introduces the relationship between the part time workers and the working hour satisfaction among the workers in Australia. The reason for selecting this is that the article considers both male and female preferences of being employed as part time workers. As a result, the percentage of male and female part time workers and their work puzzle are analyzed. Aim The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between part time workers and partnered well being in terms of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and working hour satisfaction. From the previous researchers, it can be found that equal opportunities are not provided to the part time workers as they are less engaged with the organization. Therefore, the research aims towards well-being between the partners due to part time working. Research method The research method includes reviewing various journals to gather relevant information about part time work and job satisfaction among men and women in Australia. Moreover, men and women working as both part time and full-time workers have been surveyed that helped in considering the viewpoint of men and women. The survey was conducted by men and women from waves 6-13 of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). Scope The scope of the research includes the practices that need to be considered for ensuring good quality work within the Australian organizations. As a result, the human resource management needs to make required changes that will increase the level of job satisfaction among the women part time workers in Australia. This includes the role of the human resource management in allowing flexible working policies and career growth for the part time workers. Usefulness of this research to the topic The research is useful, as no research in this field has been done previously. The research emphasizes on the level of job satisfaction among the men and women part time workers along with evaluating the role of human resource management in enhancing the quality of the part time workers. The research also highlights the policies and procedures undertaken by the human resource management to enhance the quality of part time work in Australia. Limitations Australia is a huge population with a huge number of male and female part time workers. Moreover, the part time workers include both immigrants and natives of Australia. Therefore, considering only waves 6-13 of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) is a relatively small proportion. The data collection method will allow the researcher to consider the viewpoint only a restrictive population of Australia but not the entire Australia. Conclusion According to the findings, it can be concluded, men have better level of satisfaction in terms of working hours as they are mostly working as full-time workers. On the other hand, women are less satisfied in terms of the working hours as part time workers do not have suitable opportunities such as flexible working hours and career growth. Reflection Part time work contributes largely towards the labor workforce of Australia and they undertake part time employment facilities for managing work and education simultaneously. References Booth, A.L. and Van Ours, J.C., 2008. Job satisfaction and family happiness: the part?time work puzzle. The Economic Journal, 118(526). ftp://ftp.iza.org/RePEc/Discussionpaper/dp3020.pdf Davidson, M.C., McPhail, R. and Barry, S., 2011. Hospitality HRM: past, present and the future.Management,23(4), pp.498-516. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/33947188/Hospitality_HRM-_past__present_and_the_future.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1505112524Signature=eEdVdUNfp9CW8PRw0Rxat1JMDLM%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DHospitality_HRM_past_present_and_the_fut.pdf McDonald, P., Bradley, L. and Brown, K., 2008. Full-time is a Given Here: Part-time Versus Full-time Job Quality.British Journal of Management,20, pp.143-157. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kerry_Brown/publication/27483390_'Full-Time_is_a_Given_Here_Part-Time_versus_Full-Time_Job_Quality'/links/0deec5219f79be726a000000.pdf

The Extermination Of Jews Documents Essays - The Holocaust

The Extermination of Jews Documents The first 13 of the 18 documents, collectively called The Extermination of the Jews, were not in any way new stories to me. In fact I came into this book with the same attitude that I usually do when faced with Holocaust stories, that of "Yes it was horrible, but I know all about it already. This reading isn't going to do anything to my attitude." I, as I always am in thinking such a thought, was wrong. No matter how much you know, no matter how many Holocaust survivors speak to you, no matter how much you read about it, no matter how much the atrocities are ingrained into you mind, you can never be immune. You are always horrified by this extermination, and every time that you read about any incident you are more disgusted than the last. You are always reminded that these people that were being slaughtered like animals were not much different than yourself or anybody that you know. It does not matter whether you are Jewish, Christian, Muslim, or any other religion, you have to sympathize with these people because they are people. Despite whatever the Nazis tried to make them into, one can easily see that is was not the Jews who were sub-human, but the vicious, blood-thirsty Nazi murderers who were the animals. Many of these readings reminded me of the question "Where were the people? Where were those who said, `NO! This is wrong!'? Why would no one stand up to such an obvious wrong?" The ninth document shows how the Nazis eliminated Jews' rights. It amazes me that there weren't more non-Jews who would speak out against these ridiculous, arbitrary laws. Can fear truly silence a person to the point of just accepting the dehumanization and deaths of millions of people? I still cannot bring myself to believe that this is human nature. No thinking human being could accept this, yet an entire nation bowed to the insane will of a madman. Clearly, somewhere in human nature is an innate passivity possessed by many people. This passivity must be so powerful that it can silence those who wish to be active, who will stand up for what is right. Is it not reasonable then to think that ,despite all of the good intentions and courage that people display, it could happen again. Document five shows how a person can be fooled into believing in the superiority of one group over another. Globocnik must have felt this way or he would never be able to make boasts about burying bronze tablets in order to commemorate his murderous work. What does it take to make a human, the only known sentient creature, pride himself of doing something that is below even the barest of creatures? It was this document that was the most shocking to me. Where the others show the suffering of those the Nazis captured and killed, this one shows in ghastly detail how some delighted in the misery these people. The final five documents attempt to show varying explanations as to how this abomination known as the Holocaust could have occurred. The first, an excerpt form Machiavelli's The Prince shows reasons that Hitler was able to retain such control over the population. He states that fear enables a ruler to retain perfect control over those he rules. Indeed this was one of Hitler's strategies. He scared people into not reacting by using the threats of imprisonment and death. The statements made by Hobbes attempt to prove that man is naturally evil. Although upon first glance at the Holocaust one may think that this is true, it seems that a more accurate representation would be that some people are evil, and that they when in power can influence the primarily neutral population. Locke's view of the rationality in man's nature seems an absurd optimistic opinion after reading all of the offenses against humanity. Although there may well be people governed by rationality they quite obviously cannot make up the bulk of those living or such illogical random acts of cruelty and evil , such as the Holocaust, could not occur. Ardrey makes statements that there is a natural instinct for man to be aggressive. Indeed this may be true, as it explains the behavior of the Nazi executioners. Without some sort of murderous tendency it would not be possible to kill that many defenseless people. Skinner's opinion that the actions of a man are a direct result of his surrounding situations effectively explains

Computer Science Personal Statement Writing Guidelines Essays

Computer Science Personal Statement Writing Guidelines Essays Computer Science Personal Statement Writing Guidelines Essay Computer Science Personal Statement Writing Guidelines Essay Writing a computer science personal statement is a significant part of admission application as it can lead an applicant to the graduate school he/she desires. While the admission application show the admission committee your academic score, where you come from, what is your past academic performance and any inconsistencies in your performance, the personal statement can help you in persuading the committee from a completely different angle. It helps you in convincing the committee by outlining your personal goals, objectives and motivation. By demonstrating your motivation for the field of computer science and what sorts of goals you want to accomplish in computer science, you can make the committee accept your application without any second thoughts. Take into consideration the following guidelines for making an attractive personal statement.   First of all, make a brief list of all the significant things like significant qualities or experiences that you wish to share with the admission committee. The list can also include the accomplishments you have made so far, internship experience, team leading experience in a software house, any award you received for a significant work, etc. Also make a list of personal and professional qualities the make you shine not only as a student but also as a person. Also include any particular work you have done which relates to the field that you are studying. For example, given that you are applying for a graduate course in computer science, you will want to discuss a program that you developed while doing your undergraduate course and rewarded an award from the academy. Before writing the computer science statement, first research the subject thoroughly so that you can understand what special courses this subject caters. Also note down the names of the professors who are teaching the different subjects of computer science such as IT, database, algorithms, computer languages, etc. Once all the material is gathered and outlined, now start your personal statement with a bright, interesting and catchy opening. It is important to understand that you have to introduce the main focus of the statement right from the start. You have to avoid beating about the bush and discuss the main focus in the body of the statement. For instance, you can start with something like, â€Å"I will never forget that day when my father bought me my first laptop†¦.† Admission committees suggest that the opening paragraph of the statement must be detailed but accurate. Now proceed to the body section of the personal statement while keeping the main focus of the statement in mind. Expand your main focus by stating your aims and objectives. Demonstrate your passion and motivation for this field and mention specific details regarding your interest. Revise the personal statement and make certain it is error-free. Keep in mind that the admission board has senior and experienced members and they can detect any sort of mistakes immediately. Therefore, proofreading is a must before you turn in the personal statement. Follow these tips and write compelling statement. Good Luck!

Huáscar and Atahualpa Inca Civil War

Huscar and Atahualpa Inca Civil War From 1527 to 1532, brothers Huscar and Atahualpa fought over the Inca Empire. Their father, Inca Huayna Capac, had allowed each to rule a part of the Empire as regent during his reign: Huscar in Cuzco and Atahualpa in Quito. When Huayna Capac and his heir apparent, Ninan Cuyuchi, died in 1527 (some sources say as early as 1525), Atahualpa and Huscar went to war over who would succeed their father. What neither man knew was that a far greater threat to the Empire was approaching: ruthless Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro. Background of the Inca Civil War In the Inca Empire, the word Inca meant King, as opposed to words like Aztec which referred to a people or culture. Still, Inca is often used as a general term to refer to the ethnic group who lived in the Andes and residents of the Inca Empire in particular. The Inca Emperors were considered to be divine, directly descended from the Sun. Their warlike culture had spread out from the Lake Titicaca area quickly, conquering one tribe and ethnic group after another to build a mighty Empire that spanned from Chile to southern Colombia and included vast swaths of present-day Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Because the Royal Inca line was supposedly directly descended from the sun, it was unseemly for the Inca Emperors to marry anyone but their own sisters. Numerous concubines, however, were allowed and the royal Incas tended to have many sons. In terms of succession, any son of an Inca Emperor would do: he did not have to be born to an Inca and his sister, nor did he have to be eldest. Often, brutal civil wars would break out upon the death of an Emperor as his sons fought for his throne: this produced much chaos but did result in a long line of strong, fierce, ruthless Inca lords that made the Empire strong and formidable. This is exactly what happened in 1527. With the powerful Huayna Capac gone, Atahualpa and Huscar apparently tried to rule jointly for a time but were unable to do so and hostilities soon broke out. The War of the Brothers Huscar ruled Cuzco, capital of the Inca Empire. He, therefore, commanded the loyalty of most of the people. Atahualpa, however, had the loyalty of the large Inca professional army and three outstanding generals: Chalcuchima, Quisquis, and Rumià ±ahui. The large army had been in the north near Quito subjugating smaller tribes into the Empire when the war broke out. At first, Huscar made an attempt at capturing Quito, but the mighty army under Quisquis pushed him back. Atahualpa sent Chalcuchima and Quisquis after Cuzco and left Rumià ±ahui in Quito. The Caà ±ari people, who inhabited the region of modern-day Cuenca to the south of Quito, allied with Huscar. As Atahualpas forces moved south, they punished the Caà ±ari severely, devastating their lands and massacring many of the people. This act of vengeance would come back to haunt the Inca people later, as the Caà ±ari would ally with conquistador Sebastin de Benalczar when he marched on Quito. In a desperate battle outside of Cuzco, Quisquis routed Huscars forces sometime in 1532 and captured Huscar. Atahualpa, delighted, moved south to take possession of his Empire. Death of Huscar In November of 1532, Atahualpa was in the city of Cajamarca celebrating his victory over Huscar when a group of 170 bedraggled foreigners arrived at the city: Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro. Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish but his men were ambushed in the Cajamarca town square and Atahualpa was captured. This was the beginning of the end of the Inca Empire: with the Emperor in their power, no one dared attack the Spanish. Atahualpa soon realized that the Spanish wanted gold and silver and arranged for a kingly ransom to be paid. Meanwhile, he was allowed to run his Empire from captivity. One of his first orders was the execution of Huscar, who was butchered by his captors at Andamarca, not far from Cajamarca. He ordered the execution when he was told by the Spanish that they wanted to see Huscar. Fearing that his brother would make some sort of deal with the Spanish, Atahualpa ordered his death. Meanwhile, in Cuzco, Quisquis was executing all of the members of Huscars family and any nobles who had supported him. Death of Atahualpa Atahualpa had promised  to fill a large room half full with gold and twice over with silver  in order to secure his release, and in late 1532, messengers spread out to the far corners of the Empire to  order his subjects to send gold and silver.  As precious works of art poured into  Cajamarca, they were melted down and sent to Spain. In July of 1533, Pizarro and his men began hearing rumors that the mighty army of Rumià ±ahui, still back in Quito, had mobilized and was approaching with the goal of liberating Atahualpa. They panicked and executed Atahualpa on July 26, accusing him of treachery. The rumors later proved to be false: Rumià ±ahui was still in Quito. Legacy of the Civil War There is no doubt that the civil war was one of the most crucial factors of the Spanish conquest of the Andes. The Inca Empire was a mighty one, featuring powerful armies, skilled generals, a strong economy and hard-working population. Had Huayna Capac still been in charge, the Spanish would have had a tough time of it. As it was, the Spanish were able to skillfully use the conflict to their advantage. After the death of Atahualpa, the Spanish were able to claim the title of avengers of ill-fated Huscar and march into Cuzco as liberators. The Empire had been sharply divided during the war, and by allying themselves to Huscars faction the Spanish were able to walk into Cuzco and loot whatever had been left behind after Atahualpas ransom had been paid. General Quisquis eventually saw the danger posed by the Spanish and rebelled, but his revolt was put down. Rumià ±ahui bravely defended the north, fighting the invaders every step of the way, but superior Spanish military technology and tactics, along with allies including the Caà ±ari, doomed the resistance from the start. Even years after their deaths, the Spanish were using the Atahualpa-Huscar civil war to their advantage. After the conquest of the Inca, many people back in Spain began wondering what Atahualpa had done to deserve being kidnapped and murdered by the Spanish, and why Pizarro had invaded Peru in the first place. Fortunately for the Spanish, Huscar had been the elder of the brothers, which allowed the Spanish (who practiced primogeniture) to assert that Atahualpa had usurped his brothers throne and was therefore fair game for Spanish who only wanted to set things right and avenge poor Huscar, who no Spaniard ever met. This smear campaign against Atahualpa was led by pro-conquest Spanish writers such as Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. The rivalry between Atahualpa and Huscar survives to this day. Ask anyone from Quito about it and theyll tell you that Atahualpa was the legitimate one and Huscar the usurper: they tell the story vice versa in Cuzco. In Peru, in the nineteenth century, they christened a mighty new warship Huscar, whereas in Quito you can take in a  fà ºtbol  game at the national stadium: Estadio Olà ­mpico Atahualpa. Sources Hemming, John.  The Conquest of the Inca  London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).Herring, Hubert.  A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Principles of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Leadership - Essay Example Development of the appropriate mental model for leadership is thus important. Means to develop an appropriate mental model were also uncovered in classroom practical discussions. I intend using the knowledge gained from these sessions to act as a guideline in developing the appropriate mental model for enhancing leadership skills in me. In addition, Northhouse 2010 provides two key ingredients of leadership, which are behavioural abilities and diagnostic abilities. The essence of successful leadership lies in selecting strategies that are practical than rather leaning on idealistic goals. In this lies the importance of the evaluation of behavioural abilities and the diagnostic abilities of the leader (Whetten & Cameron 2011). Classroom discussions have arrived at the conclusion that the important factors of evaluation of the group environment gives vital clues to the leader on what can be achieved based on the communication structures in an organization, which may not be at idealisti c levels. In such a scenario, a potential leader has the necessary information to develop realistic strategies to decrease the variance between the actual situation and an ideal situation. In short, it is this diagnostic ability that allows a leader to mould behaviour in an organization to get as close as what the ideal situation needs to be (Bennis 2007). The ability to choose the required behavioural abilities provides a leader with the greater chance of achieving this objective (Zaccaro 2007). Based on this understanding of development of leadership skills, I have evolved the following strategies towards development of leadership skills in me: Work with a leadership guru. - find someone whom I feel confident with and learn from him/her. It is my belief that these interactions will open my horizon to new experiences and ideas. Invite opinions and accept criticisms. Look for other people eager to give direct, truthful, decisive opinions or criticisms. I should look for opinions fro m a multitude of viewpoints and be willing to accept them. Be compassionate. Be an attentive listener. I should create an approachable impression, so that people around me will not be hesitant to raise their concerns. Persevere to gain the integral leadership features in any way possible. I should strive to possess the ‘axioms of effective leadership’ such as healthy attitude, moral worth, and so on. Personal Development Plan I have chosen to use the SMART principles in my personal development plan. I have been moved to this decision by the purposeful statement of Battley, 2006, 127, â€Å"The SMART method is an old workhorse that remains effective, based on proven principles of adult learning.† As far as leadership is concerned SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time bound objectives (Dennis & Meola, 2009, 38). SMART principles in tabular form provided as Appendix – 1. What do these mean in real terms? Specific stands for det ailed and concise objectives. Measurable is quantifiable objectives. Achievable are realistic and feasible objectives. Relevant is for high value and desirable objectives and time bound means that the objectives do not stretch into infinity (Battley, 2006, 127). Specific Objectives The specific objectives that I have chosen for my leadership development plan are skills for evaluating the behavioural culture in a group of

Bunisness management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bunisness management - Essay Example This change should come in different forms such as strategic, structural, cultural, process oriented and people oriented. The use of soft and hard approaches to change can be useful in this regard. As the power of the regional heads is one of the major obstacles in bringing change, Gerstner needs to define the company’s objectives and the relative course of action to meet the desired goals. On the other hand, he needs to empower the junior staff with decision making capabilities and innovation in order to create more value and discover more efficient ways of implementing the change process. A participative style of leadership would be appropriate to handle the current situation at IBM. This will allow the employees to analyze a given situation and come up with solutions regarding what to do and how to do it. Gerstner should critically understand and assess the culture and behaviours at each level of IBM. This will help in identifying the core values, attitudes, assumptions and perception of the employees that are essential for the successful change to occur. It will serve as a common baseline for developing the elements of change such as the new corporate strategy, infrastructure and programs to drive change. The implementation of the change process should be followed with the direction of business plans and tactics to meet the customer needs and competition. A continuous reassessment of the organization’s ability to move towards a new wave of transformation is necessary. Soft Approach with the employees: Coetsee (1999) states "any management's ability to achieve maximum benefits from change depends in part of how effectively they create and maintain a climate that minimizes resistant behavior and encourages acceptance and support" (p. 205). This means that Gerstner along with the management of IBM should choose the democratic leadership style as it offers a great deal of flexibility to handle a range of situations. In this way, ideas will move fr eely amongst the group and discussion will be relatively free-flowing. This will facilitate the conversation with the employees and will encourage them to share their ideas and synthesize the available information in the best possible way. It will capitalize their skills and talents by increasing their involvement in decision making activities coupled with new concepts and opinions. At present, the authoritarian atmosphere of the regional heads and other senior management uses the downward or vertical flow of communication to direct the managers and their subordinates. This is suitable in order to tackle such situations where the employees have less knowledge or have no sense of direction and close supervision is required. According to the present condition, Gerstner should restructure it as a flat organization. This will promote team spirit and better flow of communication among the employees. Change in the organizational culture: The culture of IBM is characterized with low tolera nce for change by the involvement of the higher authorities. The degree of formality is high and there are boundaries to separate the top from the ground. Thus, new activities and processes will be very difficult to implement if these characteristics don’t mesh with the culture. Gerstner must use a collective approach to define the ‘shared meaning or purpose’